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What is Acne?

Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and sometimes bacteria. It typically appears on areas with a high concentration of oil glands, such as the face, chest, back, and shoulders.

What Causes Acne?

Acne may be caused by: 

  • Excess Oil Production: Overactive sebaceous glands produce too much oil, which can clog pores.
  • Clogged Hair Follicles: When dead skin cells don’t shed properly, they mix with oil and block the follicles.
  • Bacteria: Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), a bacteria normally found on the skin, can multiply in clogged pores, causing inflammation and infection.
  • Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in hormones, especially during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or from conditions like PCOS, can increase oil production.
  • Certain Medications: Drugs containing corticosteroids, lithium, or androgens may trigger or worsen acne.

Types of Acne:

Comedonal Acne (non-inflammatory):

  • Whiteheads: Pores clogged with oil and dead skin, closed at the surface.
  • Blackheads: Pores clogged with oil and dead skin, open at the surface (the black color is due to oxidation, not dirt).


Inflammatory Acne:

  • Papules: Small red, tender bumps.
  • Pustules: Papules with pus at the tip.
  • Nodules: Large, painful lumps under the skin.
  • Cysts: Deep, pus-filled lesions; more severe and can scar.

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How Can Acne Be Treated?

Acne can be treated through a combination of topical products, oral medications, in-office procedures, and proper skincare habits. The best treatment depends on the type of acne (e.g. blackheads, whiteheads, papules, cysts), its severity, and your skin type.

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Treatments for Acne

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Acne Treatment

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